Obesity is a chronic, incurable disease characterized by excess body fat that causes disturbances in other organs and our health. It is the leading cause of the development of type 2 diabetes, systemic arterial hypertension, high cholesterol, fatty liver, myocardial infarction, some types of cancer and other diseases.
Overweight and obesity have multiple causes:
Genetics
40% to 70% of obesity cases are attributed to genetics. The expression and interaction of certain genes such as FTO and IRX3 is linked to poor eating habits, greater appetite and food intake, as well as a higher body mass index and elevated fat composition.
Sources:
– Bañales M, et al. Sci Rep 2020;10:11478.
– Aceves M, et al. Glob Health Action 2016;9:29625.
Lack of movement
It is common to consume more calories than are used; this results in weight gain and is encouraged by the intake of sugary drinks, high-energy fast food, as well as little physical activity and prolonged fasting.
Habits and environment
Beliefs and customs, as well as other environmental and social factors, are linked to obesity. In Mexico, for example, mothers and grandmothers associate a heavier appearance in babies and children with good health; in addition, the average Mexican diet is high in saturated fats and low in fiber and protein.